For every student or researcher embarking on a Master’s or PhD degree, the thesis defense is a pivotal moment. It’s a significant step in their academic journey, where they showcase their research and study findings to a panel of examiners or subject experts. The thesis defense typically involves an oral presentation of the study by the candidate, a Q&A session with the examining committee, and their valuable feedback. In this blog, let’s understand the steps involved in a thesis defense and how to ace it.
Presenting your research study
The complete written thesis would have been submitted to the examining committee weeks prior to your thesis defense. By this time, the examiners will have read your entire dissertation. However, at the time of the thesis defense, you are expected to present your research orally before the examiners, advisor, and other audience.
In your 20 to 30-minute oral presentation, make sure to provide a well-structured presentation using visual aids. Reading directly from a script is not encouraged. State your research problem and summarize the methodology, findings, and conclusions. Remember to focus on the most significant aspects of your thesis, especially its original contribution to the existing body of knowledge in the field.
Questions from the committee
Upon completion of your oral presentation, the examining committee will ask questions which may last for 60 to 90 minutes. These will be based on your thesis submission and presentation. Questions can be asked on certain critical aspects of your research and the unique contribution of your study.
Try to answer the questions concisely and objectively. Always keep your thesis handy to refer to any points that the examiners may raise. It is always helpful to prepare a list of possible questions prior to the defense as you read your thesis in its entirety. Some common questions are listed below.
- Can you provide details on why your thesis is necessary and for whom?
- How has your thesis contributed to your discipline?
- What were the most significant findings of your work?
- What were the main challenges during the research process?
- How did you choose this particular theoretical framework?
- What would you see as problems in your research study?
- What are the main implications of your research?
- If you were to change the way you conducted research, what would you do differently?
- How did you address bias and research ethics while conducting the study?
Feedback from the committee
Once the committee finishes with the questions, depending on the institutional practices, be prepared to answer questions from the audience, too. Finally, the examining committee will decide whether to grant approval or provide suggestions for improvement.
Tips to help students ace their thesis defense
Before the defense
The most essential task is to read your thesis closely and thoroughly. During this process, as stated above, list possible questions that the examining committee can ask. Read with a critical lens so that you can identify any problem spots. This will also help you refresh the main ideas and arguments.
Always keep in mind that there can be possibilities where you may not know the answer to a question. Rehearse your presentation so that you are confident and clear. Make sure to attend thesis defense by other candidates so that you have a good idea of the formalities and protocols to follow and what to expect during the process generally.
You should also know the precise location of the venue and get some familiarity with the place. If the defence is done virtually, cross-check all your equipment and make sure you have a backup plan. The thesis defense is a formal event, so make sure to dress formally.
During the defense
Be confident while making your oral presentation. Listen carefully to the questions posed by the committee and then frame your answer concisely and clearly. Stay calm while answering all questions. Try to jot down critical aspects as you listen to the questions. This will help you frame your answers. Thorough preparation, presence of mind, and confidence can certainly help you throughout the process.
After the defense
Once the committee decides on the merits of your defense, they will approve your thesis or recommend minor revisions or re-submission. The latter is rare. If there are minor revisions offered, work with your supervisor to incorporate these.
Ultimately, the thesis defense is an opportunity to showcase one’s research, receive valuable feedback, and demonstrate a deep understanding of the subject matter. With diligent preparation and a composed demeanor, students can navigate the defense with confidence and ultimately contribute to the body of knowledge in their field.
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