A research problem is defined as a specific issue, question or gap in knowledge in a particular field that a researcher aims to explore and address through systematic investigation or research. It serves as a foundation in the research process, providing a clear focus and purpose for the study. A well-defined research problem is characterized by its precision and significance within a particular field of study.[1]
Importance of a clear research problem
The research problem outlines the purpose of the study and establishes why the research is essential. It also helps in setting the scope and boundaries of the research, defining what will be included and excluded. Clarity is paramount in formulating a research problem, ensuring that both the researcher and others can understand its focus and objectives.(2)
Essential elements of a research problem
For the identification of a research problem it is important to understand the essential elements of a research problem. These include, among others, research context, variables and problem statements. [3][4][5]
Research context
The research context is like the background of a painting—it sets the scene for the identified research problem and offers different ways of identifying a research problem. It involves exploring the broader environment in which the problem exists, including its historical background, relevant trends, and the parties affected. This understanding is crucial as it gives researchers insights into the conditions that have led to or continue the problem.
When designing the research context, start by providing clear and concise background information to establish the foundation of your study. Justify the relevance and importance of the problem within the field, highlighting why it merits attention and investigation. Tailor the context to align with your specific research objectives and demonstrate how the problem fits into the broader scholarly landscape.
Variables
Variables are like the building blocks of a research problem—they’re the things researchers’ study. When undertaking research on, say, educational outcomes, variables could be things like teaching methods, student engagement, and socioeconomic background. It’s crucial to clearly identify and define these variables to make sure the research is precise. Additionally, researchers need to show how these variables – crucial for the identification of a research problem – are connected, acknowledging how they influence each other.
Start by clearly defining each variable so that everyone understands them the same way. Identify the measurable and changeable parts crucial to your study, considering the key factors that affect the research problem. Show how these variables are connected to fully grasp the complexity of the issue. Pay attention to any additional factors that might affect your study.
Problem Statement
The problem statement, essential to identify a research problem, is like the heart of the research—it sums up the main issue the study aims to tackle. It’s a short and clear statement that guides the entire research. Crafting a good problem statement means being specific and clear, avoiding unnecessary complications. It should clearly state the purpose and significance of the research problem in the chosen field.
A well-crafted problem statement helps to form research questions, hypotheses, and the overall design. It’s the focal point that ensures both researchers and readers understand the main issue and purpose of the investigation.
Start on the problem statement by clearly expressing the main issue your research wants to solve. Keep your language simple and easy to understand. Clearly explain why the research problem is important in your field, thinking of your problem statement as a guide for your whole study. It should pave the way for your research questions, hypotheses, and research plan.
Formulating a research problem
Begin by exploring a broad problem area, looking for gaps in practical or theoretical aspects that your research can address. After identifying the broad problem, delve into its context, existing research, and potential solutions. Narrow down the research problem by defining study boundaries, considering scope and limitations. Be mindful of what to include and exclude, addressing constraints for a feasible study.
Next, formulate the research problem by creating a concise problem statement, research questions, or hypotheses. Ensure clarity and specificity, articulating the purpose and significance within the chosen field. This formulation process establishes the research problem as a guiding framework for the entire study, providing direction and purpose to the research endeavor.
References:
- How To Define a Research Problem in 6 Steps (With Types) – Indeed.com
- THE IMPORTANCE AND DEVELOPMENT OF RESEARCH PROBLEM: A DIDACTIC DISCUSS – International Journal of Economics, Commerce and Management
- From Questions to Problems – Stanford University
- The Craft of Research – The University of Chicago Press
- CHAPTER 4 – RESEARCH DESIGN AND RESEARCH METHODOLOGY – North Western University
R Discovery is a literature search and research reading platform that accelerates your research discovery journey by keeping you updated on the latest, most relevant scholarly content. With 250M+ research articles sourced from trusted aggregators like CrossRef, Unpaywall, PubMed, PubMed Central, Open Alex and top publishing houses like Springer Nature, JAMA, IOP, Taylor & Francis, NEJM, BMJ, Karger, SAGE, Emerald Publishing and more, R Discovery puts a world of research at your fingertips.
Try R Discovery Prime FREE for 1 week or upgrade at just US$72 a year to access premium features that let you listen to research on the go, read in your language, collaborate with peers, auto sync with reference managers, and much more. Choose a simpler, smarter way to find and read research – Download the app and start your free 7-day trial today!
