{"id":3518,"date":"2022-10-24T08:23:04","date_gmt":"2022-10-24T08:23:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/researcher.life\/blog\/?p=3518"},"modified":"2024-02-19T11:12:45","modified_gmt":"2024-02-19T11:12:45","slug":"how-to-identify-predatory-and-hijacked-journals","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/researcher.life\/blog\/article\/how-to-identify-predatory-and-hijacked-journals\/","title":{"rendered":"How to Identify Predatory Journals and Hijacked Journals"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-3519 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.researcher.life\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/pexels-tara-winstead-7111619.jpg\" alt=\"How to identify predatory journals and hijacked journals\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.researcher.life\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/pexels-tara-winstead-7111619.jpg 1920w, https:\/\/blog.researcher.life\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/pexels-tara-winstead-7111619-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/blog.researcher.life\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/pexels-tara-winstead-7111619-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/blog.researcher.life\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/pexels-tara-winstead-7111619-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blog.researcher.life\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/pexels-tara-winstead-7111619-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" \/>Photo by Tara Winstead on Pexels<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"TrackChangeTextInsertion TrackedChange SCXW111131738 BCX0\"><span class=\"TextRun Highlight SCXW111131738 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW111131738 BCX0\">The<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"TrackChangeTextInsertion TrackedChange SCXW111131738 BCX0\"><span class=\"TextRun Highlight SCXW111131738 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW111131738 BCX0\">re has been a potential <\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"TrackChangeTextInsertion TrackedChange SCXW111131738 BCX0\"><span class=\"TextRun Highlight SCXW111131738 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW111131738 BCX0\">rise <\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"TrackChangeTextInsertion TrackedChange SCXW111131738 BCX0\"><span class=\"TextRun Highlight SCXW111131738 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW111131738 BCX0\">in<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"TrackChangeTextInsertion TrackedChange SCXW111131738 BCX0\"><span class=\"TextRun Highlight SCXW111131738 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW111131738 BCX0\"> predatory<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"TrackChangeTextInsertion TrackedChange SCXW111131738 BCX0\"><span class=\"TextRun Highlight SCXW111131738 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW111131738 BCX0\"> and <\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"TrackChangeTextInsertion TrackedChange SCXW111131738 BCX0\"><span class=\"TrackedChange SCXW111131738 BCX0\"><span class=\"TextRun Highlight SCXW111131738 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW111131738 BCX0\">hijacked journals<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"TrackChangeTextInsertion TrackedChange SCXW111131738 BCX0\"><span class=\"TextRun Highlight SCXW111131738 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW111131738 BCX0\"> in the field of research.<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"TrackChangeTextInsertion TrackedChange SCXW111131738 BCX0\"><span class=\"TextRun Highlight SCXW111131738 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW111131738 BCX0\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"TrackChangeTextDeletionMarker TrackedChange SCXW111131738 BCX0\"><span class=\"TextRun SCXW111131738 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun TrackChangeTextDeletion SCXW111131738 BCX0\">N<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"TrackChangeTextDeletionMarker TrackedChange SCXW111131738 BCX0\"><span class=\"TextRun SCXW111131738 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun TrackChangeTextDeletion SCXW111131738 BCX0\">ew <\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW111131738 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW111131738 BCX0\">paradigms in academic publishing, such as digital-only or <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW111131738 BCX0\">open access<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW111131738 BCX0\">journals have become increasingly popular, and the number of active academic journals continues to grow year on year<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW111131738 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun Superscript SCXW111131738 BCX0\" data-fontsize=\"9\">1<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW111131738 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW111131738 BCX0\">. Scientific and academic publications have become increasingly accessible, which has allowed more researchers, particularly in low-income countries, to keep up with the latest developments in their fields<\/span><\/span>.<sup>2<\/sup> Here, the key question that arises is how to identify predatory journals and hijacked journals?<\/p>\n<p><strong>While publishing has become easier and more open than ever, open access has been exploited by unscrupulous actors who seek to profit off the work of researchers without providing the quality checks and accessibility that the <a href=\"https:\/\/researcher.life\/blog\/article\/myths-open-access-publishing\/\">open access model<\/a> requires.<\/strong> Predatory and hijacked journals are becoming increasingly significant threats to academics. Crucially, they are most likely to affect the most vulnerable academics\u2014including early career researchers, academics with little funding, and those who are under pressure to meet qualitative performance metrics in a \u201cpublish or perish\u201d culture.<\/p>\n<p>Here, we summarize what predatory and hijacked journals are, why they persist, why they pose problems, and how to identify predatory journals and hijacked journals.<\/p>\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_68 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title \" >Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/researcher.life\/blog\/article\/how-to-identify-predatory-and-hijacked-journals\/#Definition_of_%E2%80%9Cpredatory%E2%80%9D_and_%E2%80%9Chijacked%E2%80%9D_journals\" title=\"Definition of \u201cpredatory\u201d and \u201chijacked\u201d journals\">Definition of \u201cpredatory\u201d and \u201chijacked\u201d journals<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/researcher.life\/blog\/article\/how-to-identify-predatory-and-hijacked-journals\/#Why_predatory_and_hijacked_journals_exist\" title=\"Why predatory and hijacked journals exist\">Why predatory and hijacked journals exist<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/researcher.life\/blog\/article\/how-to-identify-predatory-and-hijacked-journals\/#How_fraudulent_journals_threaten_research_and_academics\" title=\"How fraudulent journals threaten research and academics\">How fraudulent journals threaten research and academics<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/researcher.life\/blog\/article\/how-to-identify-predatory-and-hijacked-journals\/#Hunting_the_predator%E2%80%94how_to_identify_predatory_journals\" title=\"Hunting the predator\u2014how to identify predatory journals\u00a0\">Hunting the predator\u2014how to identify predatory journals\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/researcher.life\/blog\/article\/how-to-identify-predatory-and-hijacked-journals\/#Taking_back_control%E2%80%94how_to_spot_a_hijacked_journal\" title=\"Taking back control\u2014how to spot a hijacked journal\u00a0\">Taking back control\u2014how to spot a hijacked journal\u00a0<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Definition_of_%E2%80%9Cpredatory%E2%80%9D_and_%E2%80%9Chijacked%E2%80%9D_journals\"><\/span>Definition of \u201cpredatory\u201d and \u201chijacked\u201d journals<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u201cPredatory journals and publishers are entities that prioritize self-interest at the expense of scholarship and are characterized by false or misleading information, deviation from best editorial and publication practices, a lack of transparency, and\/or the use of aggressive and indiscriminate solicitation practices.\u201d\u2014Grudniewicz et al.<sup>3<\/sup><\/p>\n<p><strong>Predatory journal meaning<\/strong>: When you\u2019re wondering how to identify predatory journals, remember that a journal can be considered \u201cpredatory\u201d when it charges publication fees but performs insufficient checks of quality or legitimacy. Predatory journals have a profit motive to publish as many articles as possible, regardless of actual rigor or quality of the research therein. The term \u201cpredatory journal\u201d has been criticized<sup>4<\/sup>, but the issue has become widely recognized by scholars and legitimate publishers. In some cases, they have even been indexed on legitimate databases such as PubMed<sup>5<\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Hijacked journal meaning:<\/strong> A \u201chijacked\u201d journal deceives prospective authors by mimicking an authentic journal, misleading authors to believe that it is a genuine journal<sup>6<\/sup>. Hijacked journals are set up by cyber criminals who collect publication fees from researchers before either disappearing or publishing the paper on a fake journal website.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Why_predatory_and_hijacked_journals_exist\"><\/span>Why predatory and hijacked journals exist<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Now that we have discussed how to identify predatory journals, let\u2019s understand why they exist in the first place. While predatory and hijacked journals differ in terms their <em>modus operandi<\/em>, they have the same motive\u2014<strong>profiting off researchers with no regard for the consequences of squandering their limited budgets and time.<\/strong> Besides being demoralizing for researchers, such practices hamper scientific development and undermine faith in open access.<\/p>\n<p>Predatory and hijacked journals have exploited not only the open access model, but also the needs of researchers. When researchers become desperate to report their findings legitimately while working in a \u201cpublish or perish\u201d academic culture<sup>7<\/sup>, or when they are working on tight deadlines, they may be misled by promises of rapid publication and a trouble-free peer review process.<\/p>\n<p>It would be easy to write off people deceived by these journals as \u201cna\u00efve,\u201d but navigating publication is a daunting task for academics, and those who have not been properly briefed on the threats posed by predatory and hijacked journals are at risk<sup>8<\/sup>.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"How_fraudulent_journals_threaten_research_and_academics\"><\/span>How fraudulent journals threaten research and academics<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Losing thousands of dollars from your limited budget can be devastating, and the harm does not stop there.<\/p>\n<p>Publishing in a predatory journal or a hijacked journal can sully the reputation of academics. Even if they had good intentions, it could make other researchers wonder if they just wanted to increase their publication list. Further, the money spent on fraudulent journals will fund more scams to victimize more researchers.<\/p>\n<p>Finally, fraudulent journals undermine scientific literature<sup>9<\/sup>. When a paper is published without peer review, it could result in implausible or incorrect conclusions being disseminated, damaging the course of research and creating the impression that scientists are prone to publishing inaccurate information in their own self-interest.<\/p>\n<h3><a href=\"https:\/\/researcher.life\/?utm_source=contentmarketing&amp;utm_medium=r-blog&amp;utm_campaign=how-to-identify-predatory-hijacked-journals\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-5458 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.researcher.life\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/02_RLife_BlogBanner_640x139px.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"139\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.researcher.life\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/02_RLife_BlogBanner_640x139px.png 640w, https:\/\/blog.researcher.life\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/02_RLife_BlogBanner_640x139px-300x65.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/a><\/h3>\n<h2 aria-level=\"2\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Hunting_the_predator%E2%80%94how_to_identify_predatory_journals\"><\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">Hunting the predator\u2014<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">how to identify predatory journals<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559738&quot;:40,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">Predatory journals are not always immediately obvious. However, there are several \u201ctells\u201d that can provide clues. We highly recommend using \u201cThink, Check, Submit\u201d list<sup>10<\/sup><\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">, which was produced by a coalition of scientific publishing organizations and is perhaps the most comprehensive checklist to help researchers spot predatory journals.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">Rather than reproduce the entire list, here we summarize some of the checklist items:<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"2\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559684&quot;:-2,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0b7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;hybridMultilevel&quot;}\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Have your or your colleagues heard of the journal before?<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"2\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559684&quot;:-2,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0b7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;hybridMultilevel&quot;}\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Is the peer review process clearly explained on their site?<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"2\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559684&quot;:-2,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0b7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;hybridMultilevel&quot;}\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"3\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Does the journal charge fees? If so, are fees clearly explained?<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"2\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559684&quot;:-2,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0b7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;hybridMultilevel&quot;}\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"3\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Is the journal indexed on a reputable database?<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"2\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559684&quot;:-2,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0b7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;hybridMultilevel&quot;}\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"3\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Is the publisher a member of a recognized industry organization, such as the Committee on Publication ethics?<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"2\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559684&quot;:-2,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0b7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;hybridMultilevel&quot;}\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"3\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Are the editorial board staff reputable within the field?<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">If you cannot answer yes to all the above questions, you may be dealing with a predatory journal. Carefully verify the reputation of the journal before proceeding further.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 aria-level=\"2\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Taking_back_control%E2%80%94how_to_spot_a_hijacked_journal\"><\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">Taking back control\u2014how to spot a <\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">hijacked journal<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559738&quot;:40,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Hijacked journals<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\"> can go to great lengths to obfuscate their schemes. Some technical know-how can allow a criminal to clone a website convincingly, and in some cases, they even manage to take over the real websites or domain names of reputable journals to funnel money to themselves<sup>11<\/sup><\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">. However, we are not powerless against them, and a little knowledge can help you spot a fake.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"2\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559684&quot;:-2,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0b7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;hybridMultilevel&quot;}\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\"><strong>Be cautious of any cold calls<\/strong> or unsolicited emails calling for papers.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"2\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559684&quot;:-2,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0b7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;hybridMultilevel&quot;}\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\"><strong>Check the domain name<\/strong>. Is it the same as on the publisher\u2019s website or a reputable journal index? Search engines can help find duplicates, but may show the fake above the real journal.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"2\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559684&quot;:-2,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0b7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;hybridMultilevel&quot;}\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"3\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\"><strong>Check the DOIs of papers on the journal website<\/strong>, and make sure that they point to the same URLs as the articles on the website you are viewing.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"2\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559684&quot;:-2,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0b7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;hybridMultilevel&quot;}\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"4\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\"><strong>Watch out for dead links<\/strong>. They may indicate that the website was cloned from an existing website.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"2\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559684&quot;:-2,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0b7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;hybridMultilevel&quot;}\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"4\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\"><strong>Check the DOAJ list of added and removed journals<\/strong>. Do not publish to any <a href=\"https:\/\/blog.doaj.org\/2014\/05\/22\/doaj-publishes-lists-of-journals-removed-and-added\/\">journal removed from DOAJ<\/a> with the description \u201csuspected editorial misconduct by publisher\u201d.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"2\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559684&quot;:-2,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0b7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;hybridMultilevel&quot;}\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"4\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\"><strong>Consult lists of predatory or hijacked journals<\/strong> such as the <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/scholarlyoa.com\/hijacked-journals\/\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Scholarly Open Access hijacked list<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"none\">.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">With the right knowledge and tips on <\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">how to identify fake journals<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">, it becomes much harder to fall victim to them. Becoming aware of the problems of journal hijacking and predatory publishing makes scholars much better equipped to avoid these pitfalls. Understanding what is expected in terms of publication ethics, peer review, indexing, preservation, and other necessary standards<sup>12<\/sup><\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0can help researchers avoid making a costly mistake.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">References<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"none\">Larsen, P. O. &amp; von Ins, M. The rate of growth in scientific publication and the decline in coverage provided by Science Citation Index. <\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">Scientometrics<\/span><\/i> <b><span data-contrast=\"none\">84<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">, 575\u2013603 (2010).<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"none\">Nagaraj, A., Shears, E. &amp; de Vaan, M. Improving data access democratizes and diversifies science. <\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.<\/span><\/i> <b><span data-contrast=\"none\">117<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">, 23490\u201323498 (2020).<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"none\">Grudniewicz, A. <\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">et al.<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"none\"> Predatory journals: no definition, no defence. <\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">Nature<\/span><\/i> <b><span data-contrast=\"none\">576<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">, 210\u2013212 (2019).<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"none\">Krawczyk, F. &amp; Kulczycki, E. How is open access accused of being predatory? The impact of Beall\u2019s lists of predatory journals on academic publishing. <\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">J. Acad. Librariansh.<\/span><\/i> <b><span data-contrast=\"none\">47<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">, 102271 (2021).<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"none\">Academics Raise Concerns About Predatory Journals on PubMed. <\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">The Scientist Magazine\u00ae<\/span><\/i> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.the-scientist.com\/news-opinion\/academics-raise-concerns-about-predatory-journals-on-pubmed%E2%80%9365856\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">https:\/\/www.the-scientist.com\/news-opinion\/academics-raise-concerns-about-predatory-journals-on-pubmed\u201365856<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"none\">.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"none\">Butler, D. Sham journals scam authors. <\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">Nature<\/span><\/i> <b><span data-contrast=\"none\">495<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">, 421\u2013422 (2013).<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"none\">Nielsen, P. &amp; Davison, R. M. Predatory journals: A sign of an unhealthy publish or perish game? <\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">Inf. Syst. J.<\/span><\/i> <b><span data-contrast=\"none\">30<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">, 635\u2013638 (2020).<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"none\">A predatory journal lures an author with false promises: A case study. <\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">Editage Insights<\/span><\/i> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.editage.com\/insights\/a-predatory-journal-lures-an-author-with-false-promises-a-case-study\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">https:\/\/www.editage.com\/insights\/a-predatory-journal-lures-an-author-with-false-promises-a-case-study<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"none\"> (2016).<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"none\">AMWA\u2013EMWA\u2013ISMPP joint position statement on predatory publishing. <\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">Curr. Med. Res. Opin.<\/span><\/i> <b><span data-contrast=\"none\">35<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">, 1657\u20131658 (2019).<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"none\">Journals \u2022 Think. Check. Submit. <\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">Think. Check. Submit.<\/span><\/i> <a href=\"https:\/\/thinkchecksubmit.org\/journals\/\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">https:\/\/thinkchecksubmit.org\/journals\/<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"none\">.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"none\">Feature: How to hijack a journal | Science | AAAS. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.science.org\/content\/article\/feature-how-hijack-journal\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">https:\/\/www.science.org\/content\/article\/feature-how-hijack-journal<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"none\">.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"none\">Danevska, L., Spiroski, M., Donev, D., Pop-Jordanova, N. &amp; Polenakovic, M. How to Recognize and Avoid Potential, Possible, or Probable Predatory Open-Access Publishers, Standalone, and Hijacked Journals. <\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">PRILOZI<\/span><\/i> <b><span data-contrast=\"none\">37<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">, 5\u201313 (2016).<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Photo by Tara Winstead on Pexels There has been a potential rise in predatory and hijacked journals in the field of research.\u00a0New paradigms in academic<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":38,"featured_media":3519,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_editorskit_title_hidden":false,"_editorskit_reading_time":0,"_editorskit_is_block_options_detached":false,"_editorskit_block_options_position":"{}","footnotes":""},"categories":[489,1],"tags":[431,304],"class_list":["post-3518","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-getting-published","category-researcher-life","tag-hijacked-journals","tag-how-to-identify-a-predatory-journal"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>How to identify predatory journals and hijacked journals | Researcher.Life<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Predatory and hijacked journals are becoming increasingly significant threats to academics. 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