{"id":2523,"date":"2022-08-22T10:43:16","date_gmt":"2022-08-22T10:43:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/researcher.life\/blog\/?p=2523"},"modified":"2024-05-17T14:26:38","modified_gmt":"2024-05-17T14:26:38","slug":"big-data-in-research-and-science","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/researcher.life\/blog\/article\/big-data-in-research-and-science\/","title":{"rendered":"Big Data in Science: Challenges and Tips to Handle Data Effectively"},"content":{"rendered":"<figure id=\"attachment_2524\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2524\" style=\"width: 640px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-2524 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.researcher.life\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/pexels-thisisengineering-3861969-1-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"427\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.researcher.life\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/pexels-thisisengineering-3861969-1-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/blog.researcher.life\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/pexels-thisisengineering-3861969-1-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/blog.researcher.life\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/pexels-thisisengineering-3861969-1-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blog.researcher.life\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/pexels-thisisengineering-3861969-1.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-2524\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo by ThisIsEngineering<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Our society is awash in data. We have become extremely adept at collecting and storing amazing amounts of information and navigating through that data to find patterns and associations, or knowledge<sup>1<\/sup>. This ability has launched a new discipline known as \u201cbig data.\u201d Although the term big data is nearly ubiquitous these days and appears in all areas of life, there is not a single agreed upon definition. So, what makes using big data in scientific research different from using traditional data?<\/p>\n<p>The differences between traditional and big data lie in the latter\u2019s 5V characteristics: huge volume, high velocity, high variety, low veracity, and high value<sup>1<\/sup>. The massive amounts of available data include both quantitative and qualitative information and are obtained from both the physical world and from human society. Although volume is the most obvious characteristic, data types (variety) and data uncertainties (veracity) also have significant impacts on the use of big data in scientific research.<\/p>\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_68 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title \" >Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/researcher.life\/blog\/article\/big-data-in-research-and-science\/#Big_datas_impact_on_scientific_research\" title=\"Big data\u2019s impact on scientific research\">Big data\u2019s impact on scientific research<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/researcher.life\/blog\/article\/big-data-in-research-and-science\/#Challenges_of_using_big_data_in_research\" title=\"Challenges of using big data in research\">Challenges of using big data in research<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/researcher.life\/blog\/article\/big-data-in-research-and-science\/#Tips_for_researchers_on_using_big_data_in_science_and_research\" title=\"Tips for researchers on using big data in science and research\">Tips for researchers on using big data in science and research<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/researcher.life\/blog\/article\/big-data-in-research-and-science\/#References\" title=\"References\">References<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Big_datas_impact_on_scientific_research\"><\/span><strong>Big data\u2019s impact on scientific research<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>The development of big data in science and research has initiated changes in the basic nature of research and the scientific method. In a traditional research study, a hypothesis is proposed, data is collected and analyzed, and conclusions based on the original hypothesis are reached. However, with big data, large datasets are mined, patterns and associations are found, and then hypotheses are proposed and tested<sup>1<\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>In this revised research method, simulations are negating the need for physical experiments, and some researchers never actually conduct physical experiments. Big data in medical research is a major example of this. For instance, genome sequencing technology provides researchers with the ability to study human traits and diseases through massive data on individuals<sup>2<\/sup>; thus, big data offers the potential to improve the quality of life for millions of people.<\/p>\n<p>The diverse sources of data currently being collected, including images, text, and audio, make more complete information available on many topics. These large and rich datasets allow researchers the opportunity to deepen their understanding of their chosen discipline, be that neurology, astronomy, or marketing<sup>2<\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1877 size-full aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.researcher.life\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Sample-2.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"2500\" height=\"480\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.researcher.life\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Sample-2.png 2500w, https:\/\/blog.researcher.life\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Sample-2-300x58.png 300w, https:\/\/blog.researcher.life\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Sample-2-1024x197.png 1024w, https:\/\/blog.researcher.life\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Sample-2-768x147.png 768w, https:\/\/blog.researcher.life\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Sample-2-1536x295.png 1536w, https:\/\/blog.researcher.life\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Sample-2-2048x393.png 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2500px) 100vw, 2500px\" \/><\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Challenges_of_using_big_data_in_research\"><\/span><strong>Challenges of using big data in research<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>However, while big data offers unprecedented opportunities, it also presents major challenges to researchers who use big data in scientific research.<\/p>\n<p>One of the biggest challenges presented by big data involves data uncertainty. Big data can also mean less reliable data. So much information is collected from so many diverse sources, it\u2019s difficult to know which to trust. In addition, researchers, or other team members, must spend a great deal of time and effort cleaning the data before analyzing it or risk reaching inaccurate conclusions. A certain amount of expertise is required to do this effectively.<\/p>\n<p>The massive volume and diversified types of data involved also make data analysis more difficult. Not only are more resources and advanced tools needed to support the analysis but a good understanding of how to handle the increased complexity of big data is currently lacking<sup>1,2<\/sup>. New methods of causal inference and new models and experimental designs must be developed to take full advantage of the available information, which will involve updated assumptions, more complex iterative algorithms, and more advanced statistical approaches.<\/p>\n<p>Advancement in the technological support to handle the analysis complexity will also be crucial. The development of energy-efficient big data platforms is a key issue along with new system architecture designs and processing modes<sup>1<\/sup>.<\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tips_for_researchers_on_using_big_data_in_science_and_research\"><\/span><strong>Tips for researchers on using big data in science and research<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Understand your data: <\/strong>It is essential that researchers know everything about the data they are using, such as where and how it was collected, including sampling method, the context, and any limitations. While this has always been important, the use of big data has increased the divide between researchers and their data. Know what your data can and cannot tell you.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Visualize your data:<\/strong> One good way to help you become familiar with your data is to use visualizations<sup>3<\/sup>. By graphing the data, information on outliers or other bad behavior can be found before those datapoints are included in the analysis.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Document everything<\/strong>: Big data studies are notoriously difficult to replicate. Make it easy for anyone trying to validate your work by taking notes on everything you do<sup>3<\/sup>. Make those notes and the data available to your teammates. Showing your work is still as important as it was when you were struggling through algebra.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Be a skeptic<\/strong>: Be careful to validate your conclusions to avoid generalizing a piece of knowledge found in a large dataset that may be only a small coincidence.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Learn to program<\/strong>: Take a course in R, Python, or whatever your group or institution is using<sup>3<\/sup>. Even if you are not doing the programming, it always helps to speak the language.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ask for help:<\/strong> Finally, you do not have to be an expert in everything. Research is not a solo act.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"References\"><\/span><strong>References<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<ol>\n<li>Jin, X. <em>et al.<\/em> Significance and challenges of big data research. <em>Big Data Research<\/em> (2015). <a href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/101016\/j.bdr.2015.01.006\">http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/101016\/j.bdr.2015.01.006<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Blei, D. M., Smyth P. Science and data science. <em>PNAS<\/em> <strong>14<\/strong>, 8689\u201392 (2017). <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1702076114\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1702076114<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Nowogrodzki A. Eleven tips for working with large data sets. <em>Nature<\/em> <strong>577<\/strong>, 439\u2013440 (2020). doi: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/d41586-020-00062-z\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/d41586-020-00062-z<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">R Discovery is a literature search and research reading platform that accelerates your research discovery journey by keeping you updated on the latest, most relevant scholarly content. With 250M+ research articles sourced from trusted aggregators like CrossRef, Unpaywall, PubMed, PubMed Central, Open Alex and top publishing houses like Springer Nature, JAMA, IOP, Taylor &amp; Francis, NEJM, BMJ, Karger, SAGE, Emerald Publishing and more, R Discovery puts a world of research at your fingertips.<\/span><\/i><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559738&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Try R Discovery Prime FREE for 1 week or upgrade at just US$72 a year<\/span><\/i><\/b><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> to access premium features that let you listen to research on the go, read in your language, collaborate with peers, auto sync with reference managers, and much more. Choose a simpler, smarter way to find and read research \u2013 <\/span><\/i><b><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Download the app and <\/span><\/i><\/b><a href=\"https:\/\/rdiscoverymarketing.page.link\/big-data-in-research-and-science\"><b><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">start your free 7-day trial today<\/span><\/i><\/b><\/a><b><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">!<\/span><\/i><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559738&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Our society is awash in data. We have become extremely adept at collecting and storing amazing amounts of information and navigating through that data to<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":37,"featured_media":2524,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_editorskit_title_hidden":false,"_editorskit_reading_time":0,"_editorskit_is_block_options_detached":false,"_editorskit_block_options_position":"{}","footnotes":""},"categories":[488,37,487],"tags":[342,343,346,345,344],"class_list":["post-2523","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-academic-writing","category-r-discovery","category-research-reading","tag-big-data-in-research","tag-big-data-in-science","tag-big-data-in-science-and-research","tag-big-data-in-scientific-research","tag-big-data-medical-research"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Impact of Big Data in Research and Science | Researcher.Life<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The development of big data in science and research has changed the basic nature of research and the scientific method. 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