{"id":2359,"date":"2022-07-26T13:52:02","date_gmt":"2022-07-26T13:52:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/researcher.life\/blog\/?p=2359"},"modified":"2024-05-17T11:03:28","modified_gmt":"2024-05-17T11:03:28","slug":"reading-research-papers","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/researcher.life\/blog\/article\/reading-research-papers\/","title":{"rendered":"Reading Research Papers: Strategies to do it Effectively"},"content":{"rendered":"<figure id=\"attachment_2363\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2363\" style=\"width: 640px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-2363 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.researcher.life\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/pexels-ron-lach-8085944-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"427\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.researcher.life\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/pexels-ron-lach-8085944-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/blog.researcher.life\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/pexels-ron-lach-8085944-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/blog.researcher.life\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/pexels-ron-lach-8085944-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blog.researcher.life\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/pexels-ron-lach-8085944-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-2363\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo by Ron Lach from Pexels<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_81 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/researcher.life\/blog\/article\/reading-research-papers\/#Reading_research_literature_can_be_challenging_for_students_or_early_career_researchers\" >Reading research literature can be challenging for students or early career researchers<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/researcher.life\/blog\/article\/reading-research-papers\/#Researchers_at_different_career_stages_read_papers_for_various_purposes\" >Researchers at different career stages read papers for various purposes<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/researcher.life\/blog\/article\/reading-research-papers\/#Strategies_for_reading_academic_articles\" >Strategies for reading academic articles<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/researcher.life\/blog\/article\/reading-research-papers\/#Selective_approach_to_scientific_reading_How_to_read_a_research_paper_effectively\" >Selective approach to scientific reading: How to read a research paper effectively<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Reading_research_literature_can_be_challenging_for_students_or_early_career_researchers\"><\/span><strong>Reading research <\/strong><strong>literature <\/strong><strong>can be challenging for students or early career researchers<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>In academia, you are often expected to read research papers quickly and carefully, either as part of your research or to review them. In fact,\u00a0a study finds that researchers are expected to spend 23% of their total work time reading research publications.<sup>1<\/sup>\u00a0In 2012, scientists in the US read, on average, 22 scholarly articles per month (or 264 per year).<sup>2<\/sup><\/p>\n<p>The academic language used in research papers is concise, precise, and authoritative, and a readers\u2019 familiarity with the scientific field often shapes their perceptions and understanding of the literature. Researchers, especially students, may need help learning academic vocabulary and processing academic language in their journey toward becoming independent learners of science. A study on research reading habits reported that the vast majority of students are researchers engaging with primary literature from at least one source.<sup>3<\/sup>\u00a0While intrinsically motivated senior researchers quickly read multiple research papers per day, sophomores rarely engage in reading scientific journals, probably due to the difficulty in understanding. And it\u2019s not just students or early career researchers; even experienced researchers exploring interdisciplinary literature may find reading and understanding unfamiliar scientific language challenging. A lack of prior knowledge, and possibly low self-confidence, highlights a need for intrinsic and extrinsic motivation to develop research paper reading habits and strategies to efficiently process scientific literature.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Researchers_at_different_career_stages_read_papers_for_various_purposes\"><\/span><strong>Researchers at different career stages read papers for various purposes<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Students and researchers agree that knowing how to read a research paper effectively is important for scientific development. However, how they engage with scientific literature and their reading strategies differ depending on their position. The transition from learner to proficient reader spans multiple career stages over an extended period. Undergraduates read scientific works as part of their assignment or to broaden their knowledge and prioritize reading the abstract and discussion sections. They are more likely to take author statements in the discussion section at face value than interpret primary results. This is because they often lack critical reading abilities, undervaluing the importance of the results section or critical data interpretation. In contrast, experienced researchers are more confident in their reading abilities. Their research paper reading strategy involves understanding the research methods and critically evaluating the data. On the other hand, undergraduates and early career researchers find the method and result sections the most challenging. PhD students and Postdoctoral researchers\u2019 engagement with the scientific text lies between these two groups. Thus, students\u2019 research paper reading strategy is usually a narrative-centric approach, drawing their understanding from the author\u2019s descriptions. In contrast, experienced researchers employ data-centric strategies, critically evaluating the data provided.<sup>4<\/sup><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Strategies_for_reading_academic_articles\"><\/span><strong>Strategies for reading academic articles<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong>Once a student learns how to read scientific papers effectively, they can grow the spirit of scientific inquiry. For this, they need to read critically, evaluating the meaning, aim, and content of a work. There are strategies to help inexperienced readers develop the critical reading and thinking skills required for efficiently reading research papers.<\/p>\n<p>One great approach is the Watson Glaser RED model of critical thinking based on\u00a0<u>R<\/u>ecognizing assumptions,\u00a0<u>E<\/u>valuating arguments, and\u00a0<u>D<\/u>rawing inferences, interpretations, and deductions.<sup>5<\/sup>\u00a0Another example is the CREATE method, which structures reading as\u00a0<u>C<\/u>onsider,\u00a0<u>R<\/u>ead,\u00a0<u>E<\/u>lucidate the hypothesis,\u00a0<u>A<\/u>nalyze and interpret data, and\u00a0<u>T<\/u>hink of the next\u00a0<u>E<\/u>xperiment.<sup>3<\/sup>\u00a0This method adopts a reading strategy used by experienced researchers to identify gaps in the existing literature and develop new ideas or concepts for future research.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1877 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.researcher.life\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Sample-2.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"2500\" height=\"480\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.researcher.life\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Sample-2.png 2500w, https:\/\/blog.researcher.life\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Sample-2-300x58.png 300w, https:\/\/blog.researcher.life\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Sample-2-1024x197.png 1024w, https:\/\/blog.researcher.life\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Sample-2-768x147.png 768w, https:\/\/blog.researcher.life\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Sample-2-1536x295.png 1536w, https:\/\/blog.researcher.life\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Sample-2-2048x393.png 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2500px) 100vw, 2500px\" \/><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Selective_approach_to_scientific_reading_How_to_read_a_research_paper_effectively\"><\/span><strong>Selective approach to scientific reading: How to read a research paper effectively<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>The development of reading skills is influenced by a change from extrinsic to intrinsic motivation for reading, which, in turn, is influenced by the increased familiarity with scientific work, terminology, and prior knowledge. The following tips can help students and early career researchers hone research paper reading skills exhibited by more experienced researchers.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Read research papers efficiently by focusing on a specific purpose or question and the target audience.\n<ul>\n<li>Find something that encourages or holds your interests, even if it bothers or confuses you, and use this to drive your analysis.<\/li>\n<li>Underline words, sentences, and passages that address your specific purpose.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Read to understand. This may require multiple readings spanning hours without distractions.\n<ul>\n<li>Use specific sections to determine if the entire paper is worth reading.<\/li>\n<li>Start with the abstract, then move on to figures, introduction, and discussions. Focusing on these key sections can help you read a research paper quickly.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Look for connections between texts.\n<ul>\n<li>A good research paper reading strategy involves reading the text several times, taking notes, asking questions, and underlining key information.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Respond critically<sup>6<\/sup>\u00a0using a research paper reading strategy, including applying your personal experiences and existing knowledge to the reading process.<\/li>\n<li>Connect Reading with your Writing\n<ul>\n<li>Interpret and reflect upon what you read by writing about it and discussing it with others. Research articles are always open to questioning and are differently interpreted based on researcher ideology.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Seek similar and recent articles related to the topic.\n<ul>\n<li>A good research paper reading habit involves seeking out other texts and sources, which would give the research question a global perspective, and people who can help you in your research and learning.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Those were some tips for reading academic articles in an efficient manner. Following these steps should guide you in developing a systemic strategy for reading research papers and help you progress in your research career.<\/p>\n<p><strong>References<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Phillips, L. M., &amp; Norris, S. P. Bridging the gap between the language of science and the language of school science through the use of adapted primary literature.\u00a0<em>Res Sci Educ.\u00a0<strong>39<\/strong><\/em>, 313-319 (2009)<\/li>\n<li>Van Noorden, R. Scientists may be reaching a peak in reading habits.\u00a0<em>Nature<\/em>, 15-17 (2014).<\/li>\n<li>Hubbard, K. E., &amp; Dunbar, S. D. Perceptions of scientific research literature and strategies for reading papers depend on academic career stage.\u00a0<em>PloS One<\/em><strong>12<\/strong>, e0189753 (2017).<\/li>\n<li>Hubbard, K. E., Dunbar, S. D., Peasland, E. L., Poon, J., &amp; Solly, J. E. How do readers at different career stages approach reading a scientific research paper? A case study in the biological sciences.\u00a0<em>Int J Sci Educ B<\/em>, 1-17 (2022).<\/li>\n<li>Wulandari, R., &amp; Hindrayani, A. Measuring Critical Thinking Skills with the RED Model. In\u00a0<em>J Phys\u00a0<\/em><strong>1808<\/strong>, 012030 (IOP Publishing, 2021).<\/li>\n<li>Van, L. H., Li, C. S., &amp; Wan, R. Critical reading in higher education: A systematic review.\u00a0<em>Think Skills Create.<\/em>\u00a0<strong>44<\/strong>\u00a0(2022).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">R Discovery is a literature search and research reading platform that accelerates your research discovery journey by keeping you updated on the latest, most relevant scholarly content. With 250M+ research articles sourced from trusted aggregators like CrossRef, Unpaywall, PubMed, PubMed Central, Open Alex and top publishing houses like Springer Nature, JAMA, IOP, Taylor &amp; Francis, NEJM, BMJ, Karger, SAGE, Emerald Publishing and more, R Discovery puts a world of research at your fingertips.<\/span><\/i><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559738&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Try R Discovery Prime FREE for 1 week or upgrade at just US$72 a year<\/span><\/i><\/b><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> to access premium features that let you listen to research on the go, read in your language, collaborate with peers, auto sync with reference managers, and much more. Choose a simpler, smarter way to find and read research \u2013 <\/span><\/i><b><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Download the app and <\/span><\/i><\/b><a href=\"https:\/\/rdiscoverymarketing.page.link\/reading-research-papers\"><b><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">start your free 7-day trial today<\/span><\/i><\/b><\/a><b><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">!<\/span><\/i><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559738&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Reading research literature can be challenging for students or early career researchers In academia, you are often expected to read research papers quickly and carefully,<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":39,"featured_media":2363,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_editorskit_title_hidden":false,"_editorskit_reading_time":0,"_editorskit_is_block_options_detached":false,"_editorskit_block_options_position":"{}","footnotes":""},"categories":[37,487],"tags":[301,134],"class_list":["post-2359","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-r-discovery","category-research-reading","tag-reading-research","tag-reading-research-papers"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Reading research challenges: Strategies for reading research papers \u2013 Researcher.Life<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Reading research papers can be challenging for students or early career researchers. 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